Women s Rights Myth Or Truth - 1669 Words

Alexia Martin Mrs. Akelman AP Language and Composition 24 February 2016 Women’s Rights: Myth or Truth? In our first American history class, we learn about the battles we won, disasters we dodged, and equality we achieved. We learn about religious freedom, how slaves were freed, and how women gained the right to vote in 1920. Focussing on the victories allows us to disregard the inequality that is ever present in our society today. We turn a blind eye to the blatant discrimination, and many accept it and believe America is completely equal. While America has improved tenfold over the many years due to protests and reformation, our country still has a very long way to go. There is still racial prejudice, controversy over sexuality, and†¦show more content†¦This statistic alone shows that women are viewed as less important and unworthy of the same financial stability that a man is entitled to. This is an important issue because women are the breadwinners for more than 50% of American households. (The White House) Families and children depend on women to get a substantial in come, and without receiving as high of a salary as a man, the households who rely on women are at a disadvantage. Simple school supplies, medical expenses, and college tuition are all harder to obtain and pay for for those families who rely on women to provide the bulk or all of the income. It takes mothers an extra six months to acquire the same amount of money that fathers earn in one year, which sets them back and makes it harder for women to live a life equal to that of a man. (The White House) While the Equal Pay Act was put into place in 1963, the pay gap definitely still exists. This shows that even though there are restrictions on unequal pay, somehow businesses and corporations are getting around it and allowing men to make more money than women. Some may say that there are obvious solutions to this pay gap. They say that women should receive a higher education to allow them to get higher paying jobs, or apply to executive positions in order to close the pay gap. These so c alled solutions are not well thought out and are completely wrong, because studies show that any level of education, from high

Dialectic Of Enlightenment By Theodor Adorno - 1243 Words

In his work, Dialectic of Enlightenment, Theodor Adorno analyzes the nature of the culture industry. People everywhere are constantly being consumed by the culture industry, which is a term for the mass production of cultural goods such as films, magazines, and music. Adorno is concerned that the government uses the cultural industry as a way to deceive the masses and manipulate them into passivity. This idea remains true in today’s society. Young men and women are more interested in the release of the newest Taylor Swift or Adele song than political issues. People have become less intellectual as they are being consumed by the culture industry. It is much easier for a person to let himself be consumed by mass media and to let the media†¦show more content†¦They just accept it as a part of modern society because it is easier to go along with the system rather than try to resist it. The culture industry affects everything in today’s society. Adorno states, †Å"The whole world is passed through the filter of the culture industry† (99). Everywhere people go, there are billboards, commercials, and advertisements that demand their attention. Before seeing a movie, one must sit through previews of other movies that may interest them, as the theater hopes that the moviegoer returns to watch another movie. In the culture industry, people no longer exist as individuals. They only exist as objects that increase the wealth of the big business owners that control this capitalistic society. Because no one contests the existence of the culture industry, the culture industry can continue to exist. About the film and radio industries, Adorno states, â€Å"They call themselves industries, and the published figures for their directors’ incomes quell any doubts about the social necessity of their finished products† (95). Creating unique and groundbreaking films in today’s world is considered â€Å"risky,† and filmmakers would rather create sequels to films that were successful in the box office. People excitedly consume these sequels and the directors make huge profits, thereby ensuring yet another sequel to be made. Adorno also points out that the film and radioShow MoreRelatedDialectic Of Enlightenment By Max Horkheimer And Theodor Adorno1888 Words   |  8 PagesFrankfurt school, Dialectic of Enlightenment co-authored by Max Horkheimer and Theodor Adorno is certainly a strange book. First published in 1947, it is largely made up from the notes taken by Adorno’s wife during discussions between Horkheimer and him. Attempting to conceptualize the self-destructing process of Enlightenment, the transcendent theme brought forth by the authors related to the disintegration of reason. 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The Role Of Health Ngos Health And Social Care Essay Free Essays

Health attention in Nigeria is structured along, and administered through the cosmopolitan three grades: the primary degree run by the local authorities, the secondary by the province and the third by the federal authorities ( FMOH 2005 ) . The part of Nigeria ‘s wellness sector to the national economic system remains ill defined, and as a consequence Nigeria was ranked a blue 187th place among the 191 United Nation member province ( WHO 2000 ) .Health attention installations are unequal in Nigeria ( Yohesor 2009 ) and this includes wellness Centres, forces and medical equipment. We will write a custom essay sample on The Role Of Health Ngos Health And Social Care Essay or any similar topic only for you Order Now Moreso, the province of bing installations is frequently distressing due to miss of care. As Lee provinces: ‘A wellness attention system is an organisational model for the distribution or service of the wellness attention demands of a given community. It is a reasonably complex system of inter-related elements that contribute to the wellness of people-in their places, educational establishments, in work topographic points, the populace ( societal or recreational ) and the psychological environments every bit good as the straight wellness and health-related sectors. ‘ ( Lee 2009: 1 ) . However, with the many societal and infrastructural jobs facing the state is the chase of the politically attractive third wellness attention which, arguably, has remained the lone attractive country of the wellness system, to the hurt of other degrees of attention. The disregard of Nigeria ‘s wellness attention, with particular mention to the primary wellness attention system, its maldistribution, will ensue in an upside-down wellness attention pyramid. By deduction, instead than bring forth wellness for the people, would ever hold the menace to fall in on itself. Harmonizing to Asuzu ( 2003 ) , Nigeria ‘s wellness attention system has experienced past reforms, runing from the traditional wellness attention system that existed in the single Nigerian communities and the cultural groups before the epoch of colonisation boulder clay day of the month. Though Nigeria ‘s wellness attention system is geared towards guaranting handiness and handiness of wellness attention by Nigerians, yet the state ‘s wellness attention remains a major concern. On the other manus, wellness attention reform is the ‘process of bettering the public presentation of bing systems of presuming efficient and just responses to future alterations. It has besides been defined as sustainable, purposeful alteration aimed at bettering the wellness sector ; wellness attention reform is initiated by public or political action, is motivated by dissatisfaction caused by the failure to present results and implemented on a sector broad degree ( Berman 1995 ) . This presupposes that reforms might turn to the jobs of hapless quality of attention, inefficiencies in the bringing of services, inequalities and limited entree to wellness, degree of answerability and deficient reactivity to client demands. Globally, it would look Non-governmental Organizations have undertaken a broad scope of maps, including but non limited to, human-centered aid, developmental assistance, and publicity of human rights and lobbying to protect the environment. In other words, the function of non-governmental ( NGOs ) might hold been seen to spread out. Capturing the kernel of wellness NGOs, Gilson states: †¦..humanitarian aid is ‘assistance given to run into the challenges of a human-centered crisis, about ever includes proviso of some type of health care, be it preventative action ( such as supplying shelter, clean H2O and healthful installations, immunisation against epidemics ) or direction of exigencies ( such as hurts from a catastrophe ) . ‘ Arguably, Nigeria is presently undergoing wellness sector reform aimed at accomplishing improved efficiencies in resource use, improved quality of wellness services every bit good as greater equity of entree to wellness services. Jong-Chan ( 2002 ) asserts that given the strong influence they possess, NGOs remain the lone sector that can authorise the populace to demand a stable national wellness plan ; NGOs should convey their experiences in wellness attention reform to bear in order to beef up their alone place in the wellness attention system, independent of both governmental laterality and medical liberty. In the visible radiation of the above averment, it would look Non-governmental organisations ( NGOs ) have ever been in the head of progressing fresh thoughts, and in encouraging and back uping authoritiess to implement them. At a simple degree, NGOs by and large represent the ‘voice of the people ‘ at all levels- local, national and international, and have taken on functions such as protagonism, instruction and preparation ( Ogunbekun, 2004:3 ) , and have been active in monitoring and bettering what has, or has non, been implemented or achieved. For illustration, NGOs have been in the forepart burner in advancing, developing and bettering a comprehensive and holistic attack to wellness attention services. For alteration to go on, it would be necessary to join forces with the relevant stakeholders in the wellness sector, whether they work in authorities, in disposal, or as suppliers of the necessary services, to convey approximately needed alteration and betterment ; besides to guarantee the people understand and support the alterations which need to be made ( Lorgen, 1998 ) . Moreso, wellness professional associations might be effectual in working with wellness NGOs in bettering wellness attention bringing. Often, they seek the advice of wellness professionals sing issues around wellness attention, basically because they know that medical moralss require doctors to supply nonsubjective advice on wellness issues, in the best involvements of their patients ( Pfeiffer 2003 ) . Health NGOs, together with wellness professionals, might besides use the accomplishments and experiences that NGOs have garnered in seting information and messages across to the populace in such a manner that the populace is able to understand and this will be necessary in bettering wellness attention. The function or value of NGOs in progressing wellness is hinged on three premises, emerging from the research enterprise of George Washington University ‘s Centre for international Health: Individual wellness and communities ‘ socio-economic development are per se linked ; Well targeted wellness publicity activities can lend non merely to better wellness but can besides heighten an person ‘s societal wellbeing ; Local NGOs whose members are antiphonal to the communities they serve, are more likely to supply this linkage through furthering community authorization. Many NGOs are involved in preparation programmes which is a function they seem to hold undertaken at all degrees. Therefore, they are well-positioned to help the relevant authorities sections in conveying about alterations and betterment in wellness attention system ( Gilson 2003 ) . It would follow that NGOs should be invited by authoritiess to help as spouses in creative activity of consciousness, mobilisation and development of developing programmes on wellness attention reforms. Besides, wellness NGOs seem to hold the capacity to authorise communities to move on their ain behalf, fiting people to better the ‘social and physical environments contributing for healthy life styles, and of wellness protagonism to enable policy shapers to acknowledge and appreciate the necessity for betterments in wellness attention conditions ‘ ( Starfield 2011 ) . Following the policy statement of World Health Organization ‘s 1978 Alma Ata Conference, besides known as the Alma Ata Declaration, which proposed that ‘primary wellness attention ( PHC ) be adopted for wellness planning and bringing, stressing on equity in wellness, disease bar, and a comprehensive scheme to advance single and community wellness ‘ ( Rodriguez 2001 ) , a wellness instruction scheme might propose that within a socio-political context, wellness instruction aims to increase person ‘s consciousness of his or her wellness position, and the causes and determiners of that position, thereby increasing the possibility for positive action. As Asuzu ( 2003 ) points out †¦ ‘NGOS act as accelerator by promoting the assorted sections concerned with wellness to go actively involved in reform exercises†¦ ‘ This would be effectual if different NGOs work in synergism. For case, in add-on to wellness NGOs, there is engagement of other relevant NGOs such as adult females ‘s NGOs that concentrate on activities to better the position of adult females and development NGOs whose Centre of involvement or activity is peculiarly on issues around development. Health NGOs, arguably, are dependent on their authorization or undertaking charter which is in tandem with the overall programmes of a wellness attention system within which they operate. Harmonizing to Ohanyido ( 2012 ) , the functions of wellness NGOs are summarized below: †¢ work to guarantee that the wellness services are efficient, effectual, and accessible. †¢ work within the wellness system to guarantee that the figure of well-trained staff is available through capacity- edifice or protagonism to authorities etc. †¢ aid guarantee that the wellness information system is able to bring forth utile informations on wellness determiners and wellness system public presentation, and besides avoid making parallel systems †¢ work with all stakeholders to guarantee that there is entree to medical specialties, vaccinums, and medical engineerings in an just manner. †¢ strengthen wellness financing systems by researching support beginnings and recommending to stakeholders to raise equal financess for wellness, and guaranting that people can entree low-cost services. †¢ strengthen the system by guaranting that the Leadership must vouch effectual inadvertence, ordinance, and answerability. However, in order to work expeditiously and efficaciously in bettering wellness attention system, wellness NGOs themselves must besides be found to be accountable, crystalline, and seem to be stand foring the involvements of the people. How to cite The Role Of Health Ngos Health And Social Care Essay, Essay examples

Female Characters in Heart of Darkness free essay sample

Analyzes roles symbolism of female characters, focusing on authors chauvinism. Joseph Conrads Heart of Darkness presents a story-within-a-story, creating a central narrator, Marlow, who tells an audience of four a tale about Kurtz, an agent for a Colonial enterprise in the Belgian Congo. Marlow recounts the tale at the outset of a voyage; he has a seamans propensity to spin yarns, but the story is told not to amuse his shipmates it is told to make them think about significant political, spiritual, and moral issues (Conrad 9). The unidentified first narrator wants to hear about Marlows own adventure, but Marlow recounts instead the fate of Kurtz, and how Marlows own journey into the Congo became a quest to understand the workings of Kurtz mind (Conrad 11). Marlow, deeply attracted to the notion of exploring Africa, signs up to pilot a steam boat up the Kissai River, taking the place of a murdered company agent. We will write a custom essay sample on Female Characters in Heart of Darkness or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Marlows narrative is a story

20+ Interesting Thesis Statement Examples for Research Paper

Are you working on your high school research paper? Stuck with writing a powerful thesis statement? Get useful ideas of how to write a good thesis statement with these thesis statement examples for research paper. Follow the blog below. Quick Links 1. What is a Thesis Statement? 2. Thesis Statement Examples for Research Paper 3. Professional Writing Help 1. What is a Thesis Statement? A thesis statement is a brief overview of the entire research. It summarizes the main topic and main points of the research and present them briefly. Even though it is added in the beginning of the research paper, it is written after completing the entire paper. When writing your thesis statement, please make sure that you do not add all the main points in it. It is written just to give a brief idea of the paper and to encourage the reader to move forward. It is an important part of the research outline and no paper is complete without it. An outline gives a proper structure to your paper and this is why having a proper and detailed research paper outline is important. It should be such that the reader gets a complete idea of what your paper is about. It should give a direction to your introduction and body paragraphs and they should support the thesis statement. Just like a research paper, a good thesis statement is important for an essay also. However, an essay is different, it is less detailed than the one that is for a research paper. For writing a thesis statement for an essay, it can be written in a direct or indirect method. 2. Thesis Statement Examples for Research Paper To give you a clear and comprehensive idea of what makes a solid thesis statement, we have added over thirty examples here that you can use for your argumentative thesis as well as for other kinds of research papers. Consumers should quit buying items from the companies and countries that support child labor. Child labor is a crime and it has devastating long term effects. Atheists follow their own set of rules and social standards that may be different than the mainstream culture. However, this does not make them any less better than the theists and other people. Human life is precious. Therefore, if drug testing on an animal can result in a cure for a terminal illness and a healthier future then we must make this sacrifice. College education gives us a chance to learn new things and improve our skills. Though there are examples of successful college dropouts, everyone should go through this stage. We must be careful about using social media and sharing our personal information online. The information that we share could be passed on to a third party without our permission and used inappropriately. Even though there is a documentary that is served as an evidence of landing on the Moon, there are fair chances that it is no more than a fluke. More importantly, if it was true then we would have been successful in doing it again. With a free and unlimited data access on the internet, it is important that parents monitor what their kids are watching on the computer. They can land on harmful sites that could have harmful results. The method of encouraging the kids for good results and paying them for it is a good way of introducing them to the real world. It will help them understand that if they will work hard and do good work, they will be compensated accordingly. Advertising regulatory rules should be more rigid. Often, the advertised products do not meet the consumers expectations and fails to do what it has claimed. Instead of spending billions on Mars colonization plans, the government should devise plans to support and help the people in Africa. The money should be used to remove famine and starvation there. Instead of celebrities, doctors and other medical professionals should be paid high salaries. They save human lives, help us have a better quality of life and spend years to train and study for it. Euthanasia shoiuld be considered as a persons legal right to end their life. There could be many reasons to end ones life and everyone should have equal right to die. Homeschooling can be an effective and better educational option for many children. It helps the children focus on their special talents and strengths and work to strengthen them. Going abroad for study purposes can be the most enriching experience for anyones life. They will get a chance to learn about another country, culture and language that will add to their experience. Fashion industry has come a long way to promote diverse body types and models. However, it still needs to work towards promoting a healthy image of female structure and body. As per research, increasing the rates and taxes on cigarettes does not stop people from buying them. Instead, they should be educated about its negative effects, especially the less privileged society. A vegan diet can be a great way to acquire a healthy lifestyle. However, restricted food choices would could limit you cultural and food experience when travelling to other parts of the world. Athletes in the universities should be paid for their services to the university. As a general observation, many of the student athletes come from a low income household and have got the admission on scholarship. To make life easier for them, some compensation plan should be formed. There are many feminist writers that have voices their concerns regarding the probklems faced by women. However, it talks about the privileged women only. The data related to the conditions of low skilled and paid women is limited. Assisted suicide should be legalized and supported by the medical and legal board. The procedure would especially benefit the people who are pararlyzed and bedridden for life and could not improve. To support and help the blue-collar workers and coal miners whose jobs are disappearing from the market, they should be trained to use modern technology that is relevant to their work. A program should be introduced to train these workers and bring them back into employment. A diverse culture at workplace helps to promote diversity and tolerance among office workers. It also brings different talents together and gain more traction and advantage. Citizens should be given open access to public libraries. This will encourage them to read and the literacy rate will increase amongst the citizens. Moreover, it will also give a healthy leisure option to the youth. Work from home opportunities should be introduced by the companies. It will help the people to have a healthy work life balance and healthy mindset. They will be more productive and drive valuable business results. For creating a strong and impressive thesis statement, it is important that you have an interesting research topics for your paper. Brainstorm and conduct online research to get impressive research paper topics for your research. 3. Get Professional Writing Help If you are still not sure if you could do the research paper yourself, just contact 5StarEssays and place your order. We provide quality and affordable writing help and give you the needed guidance.

Megans Law essays

Megan's Law essays A Mediation of Two Different Views on Megans Law Next to murder, sex related crimes involving children are arguably some of the most heinous offenses. Convicted murderers face the death penalty or incarceration for life, thus protecting society from further harm. The question of how to deal with sex offenders once they have served their prison term is a highly debated topic. One solution, deemed Megans Law, is a piece of federal legislation that requires sex offenders to register with local authorities and notification is sent to the community where a sex offender plans to reside. The specifics are left to the state, but they generally inform the community of the offenders name, address, offense, place of employment or schooling, license plate number, and a photo or physical description of the person. Additionally, the community is discouraged against vigilantism and warned that crimes against the offender will be prosecuted. Representing both sides of the debate over the necessity of Megans Law are authors Bruce Fein and Jim Breig. They concur that sex-criminals released into society can pose a threat to the community but differ on the constitutional validity of the law and their solution to this problem. In his essay, Yes: Community Self-Defense Laws are Constitutionally Sound, Fein agrees there is a need for community self-defense laws and argues that they are constitutionally sound. Fein lists three main reasons for holding his views. First, he says, [Community] notice does not inflict punishment in the constitutional sense. The offender may be stigmatized within the community, but loss of reputation does not impair constitutionally protected liberty (38). A similar example of this can be found in the publication of the FBIs 10 Most Wanted list of criminal suspects. Although a stigma is attached to these individuals, nobody argues the con...

Managed healthcare Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Managed healthcare - Assignment Example With control, the use of resources is properly managed and can be assured of the sort of outcome to expect. Through control, the patterns of the medical practice are kept in track and it is easier to make arrangements of future advancements in technology as even the finances are well handled. Managed care in itself refers to care that is under control and is helpful to the management in promoting the success of quality healthcare delivery. It also helps in determining the efficiency of the resources in place and ensures quality outcomes of the health care sector (Kongstvedt 2012). In conclusion, has there not been the rising cost of receiving proper healthcare then perhaps there would not have been pressure on the government to impose policies that lead to managed healthcare. However, there needed to be a controlled system of healthcare provision that ensured the needs of the public were met and that there was balance in the finances that were demanded of

Finance Paper 2 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Finance Paper 2 - Essay Example This allocation is mainly to meet the cost of the games preparation. When the central funded elements are included, the total cost to the public purse is estimated to be 9.3 billion pounds. The total budget of the London Olympic organizing committee who is directly responsible for staging the games is estimated to be 2 billion pounds. This is for covering all operational costs. These operational costs are will be met from revenue coming from sale of broadcast rights and ticket sales. The London committee will not finance any sort of capital expenditure. The international Olympic committee requirements necessitate an undertaking that the government is the ultimate guarantor for funding the Olympic Games. The Olympic delivery authority which has been established for ensuring the physical infrastructure has an overall budget of 8.1 billion pounds. However it has been anticipated that the final costs will be around 7.3 billion pounds only. All these budgets are financed by the national l ottery which amounts to 2.2 billion, the GLA Olympic council tax percept amounting to 0.6 billion. Other London 0.3 billion and the central government 6.2 billion pounds. The Olympic village which was to be built using public finance is to be sold off after the games. By June 2010 almost three quarters of the required finance was collected by the committees (Berman). . The Olympic movement of the world consists of large global multifaceted organizations with the IOC as its head. The IOC is not a governmental or United Nations organization. Initially the IOC which was run by wealthy people funded the games from its own pocket. But the growth and popularity and increase in the value of broadcasting rights created independent sources to run the games. One of the significant revenues consists of broadcasting rights sale which has grown rapidly during the century. It was around a million dollars in the Rome Games of 1960 and touched 1700 million dollars during the 2008 Beijing games. The growth has been dramatic since the 1960 games. The key element to the increase was the advent of satellite broadcasting which enabled to beam the television signals to homes instantly. It is to be noted that the broadcasting rights for the Olympic Games are totally owned by the IOC and not by the games organizers.

Reader response Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Reader response - Essay Example Moreover, the searches they conduct as well as detainment is racially biased. The authors posit that the border patrol is a venture that has proved unsuccessful and is likely to prove so in the future. Despite the efforts made by the patrol border, masses of people still migrate into the American territory. This paper will present a response to Silko’s text. In my opinion, the border patrol exercise only serves to limit the freedom of movement enjoyed by many Americans because of the numerous stops in different places. My view conforms to the opinion of the author expressed in the first paragraph of the text when she says, â€Å"As proud citizens, we grew up believing the freedom to travel was our inalienable right, a right that some Native Americans had been denied in the early 20th century† (115). Evidently, American citizens have a right to enjoy the freedom of movement, however, the stringency of the border patrol only serves to contravene this right. With the border patrol in places, Americans are frustrated by the numerous stops impromptu searches and in the worst cases imprisonment. From the author’s experience during the fateful night when they were stopped, it becomes evident that the border patrol is a source of frustration to the Americans (Archuleta 115). The experience of the author after being stopped by the border patrol is not an isolated case because the border patrol agents are stopping people at a higher frequency than any other time in history. The author highlights that, â€Å"Unfortunately, what happened to me is an everyday occurrence here now† (118). This statement is meant to place emphasis on the increasing rates of patrols at different checkpoints. The border patrol has increased its activity and extends its control to all the highways and roads that lead to the border o emanate from the border in states such as California, Arizona, New Mexico, and Texas. It is disturbing to learn about the different cases highlighted by the

The Boy in the Striped Pyjamas: Analysis

The Boy in the Striped Pyjamas: Analysis Thesis: When boundaries like social, cultural physical and separations constrained Bruno’s life, it never prevented him from forming a forbidden friendship Sana Ibrahim -3202 John Boyne is an Irish novelist born in Dublin. He wrote 70 short stories and many novels focused on adults and young readers. The Boy in Striped Pyjamas is a novel focused on a younger audience. Several film adaptations were done to this film and in 2006 film adaptation was an award-winning Miramax. Furthermore, the novel won 2 Irish awards and received positive reviews by many papers. For instance The Guardian reviewed as, â€Å"A small wonder of a book†¦this is what fiction is supposed to do† (Boyne, 2010-2014). The Boy in Striped Pyjamas is a fable which captures a hint of the holocaust but still has a great impact on our emotions. This is a story written from a 9 year old boy’s perspective, who lived during World War II. In this story the 9 year old Bruno along with his family moved from Berlin to Poland due to his father’s job promotion. His father was a Nazi officer who was recently appointed to the commander by the Fuhry. As a result they were sent to an isolated area near the â€Å"Out With† concentration camp. (In reality it is Auschwitz Concentration camp in Poland). In this story Bruno felt the loneliness of the place very much. This is because they were home schooled and he had no friends to play with unlike in Berlin. Bruno being a curious and adventurous explorer started to explore the house he lived paying no heed to boundaries. One day he sneaked from the back door and ran through the forest and ended finding a boy near a fence. He met the Jew boy Shmuel fo r the first time. They shared same birthday and age. Bruno sneaked every day to meet his friend near the fence as their budding relation prospered. One fateful day Bruno being a loyal friend to Shmuel decided to help find his dad trapped in the concentration camp. So he disguised in the striped pajama and crawled down the fence. Unfortunately, they ran into a death marching group leading to a gas chamber. They were naà ¯ve about what was about to happen as they walked into their death. It was their ill-fate that they were among the Jews who became the victims of the incinerators (Boyne, 2006). Despite the fact that Bruno was taught to hate the Jews as mortal enemies and his parents’ constant warnings, he proceeded with his virtues. When boundaries like social, cultural, and physical separations constrained the 9 year old boys’ life, it never prevented him from forming a forbidden friendship. Bruno’s family was portrayed as a rich family in Berlin as well as at Auschwitz. In Berlin they had a 5 story building in a position that entire city can be seen. Bruno says this in the story as he could see right across Berlin if he stood in his tiptoes as he held onto the window frame tightly. When they shifted to Poland they had a three story house with a rich life. There were servants attending to every need. However, in Bruno’s room through the only small window, he sees a farm like place from a distant. The area doesn’t look as lively as he thought it would be. His first impression was, â€Å"I don’t think other children look at all friendly,† (Boyne.p.18) even though his mother taught him not to prejudice others. Furthermore, Bruno is brought up in a place where he couldn’t interrupt his mother in any case. While they were about to leave the Berlin house, when the servant Maria interrupts, Bruno immediately recalls the rule of not inte rrupting his mother. Likewise, he cannot disturb his father unnecessarily. His father pays importance in maintaining disciple and the kids are forbidden to question their parents’ authority in decisions (Boyne, 2006). Judaism is considered as a religion by most scholars but the Germans describe Judaism as ethnicity (Hollingshead.p.4). During the holocaust due to this the two different groups were separated while the Jews behind a barbed fence deprived them from their lives. The Boy in Striped Pajamas reckons vast discrimination of Jews and Germans. For instance when Bruno and his family were travelling to Auschwitz they travelled by a train in which there were plenty of spaces for people to sit. On the one, Jews were tightly packed into the trains with undesirable conditions for a human being to breathe or live. â€Å"†¦transport arrived in Auschwitz on September 5, 1944 with 1,019 Jews on board. Men and women were separated† (United States of Holocaust Memorial, 2013). Jews were treated badly because they belonged to a certain ethnic group even though both groups were headed to same destination. During the time when Shmuel described how they came to the camp Bruno found it hard to bel ieve this since there was nothing like that in the trains they travelled. Moreover, having seen the documentary which shows the conditions and how the people were treated greatly influenced his little mind to believe things with in the camp were good (Boyne, 2006). As the two kids came to know each other more they ultimately believed each other more than the parents. This is the main reason why Bruno in the end with natural reluctance, joined his friend in the concentration camp. While the Nazis separated the two groups of people, they however failed to recognize their own type. This proves that what they actually hate is the religion not the people. While the Jews survived in misery, Germans had the choice to live. In this story Bruno was given all the freedom he wants within the household and beyond that he is deprived from this. For example the back door physically separated him from the surrounding. As he was not allowed to cross the door and the boredom pushed him to explore beyond it. Just like his tutor Herr Liszt encouraged in exploring, Bruno went pass the back door into the forest to discover new and interesting things just like the great explorers Christopher Columbus and Amerigo Vespucci (Boyne.p.56). On his first venture he found the boy sitting near the fence and their small talks resulted to build the trust in which each promised to be friends for life (Boyne, 2006). During World War II Jews and Christians were separated by the Germans providing bad conditions within the concentration camps. The Nazi officers removed their clothing and forced them to wear one â€Å"striped pajama† as in the story. In this story Bruno asks Shmuel why do they always wear pajamas and he responds that is the only type of clothing they get to wear unlike Bruno who wears different clothing every day. The Jews barely get to eat and almost every day when Bruno meets Shmuel he is hungry and longing for food. When Shmuel was brought to commanders house to clean the wine glasses Bruno offered Shmuel the fancy foods they eat which ended poor Jew being beaten by the officer (Boyne, 2006). During this time children were subjected to child labor and many were killed just as they arrived the camp. This is because the Officers believed that they are â€Å"useless eaters† (United States Holocaust Memorial, 2013), and immediately killed them in gas chambers.† On ly 6 to 11% of Europes prewar Jewish population of children survived† (United States Holocaust Memorial, 2013). Shmuel, Paul (who comes to peel vegetable) and other Jews in the camp are always sad, whereas the Germans are happy despite their brutality to humans. Bruno however worries and questions Shmuel about these although some answers are hard to believe because of the good conditions they have been subjected to in their lives. â€Å"Holocaust was an event of such consequence and philosophical significance it seems to transcend the boundaries of time† (Hollingshead, p.1).Through the eyes of Bruno the people inside the fence makes him sad. Although his sisters comment that they look â€Å"filthy† he rather says, â€Å"but maybe they don’t have any baths† than agreeing to the fact that they look dirty (Boyne, 2006). In a life where everything of Bruno is controlled by someone to a certain extent he manages to question certain behaviors and things even though he is not allowed to act differently in any circumstances. Bruno is a free spirit and at such a young age he considers his own thoughts over others. He finds his own ways to overcome the boredom at his new house. One day he makes a swing for him although he gets hurt at the end. He formed a strong bond with the dirty Jew boy he said at the beginning making him believe what is important in life is to accept people for who they are. References Boyne, J. (2010-2014) The Boy in the Striped Pyjamas http://www.johnboyne.com/fiction/younger-readers/the-boy-in-the-striped-pyjamas/ Boyne, J. (2006) The Boy in the Striped Pyjamas http://www.anderson5.net/cms/lib02/SC01001931/Centricity/Domain/222/The%20Boy%20in%20the%20Striped%20Pajamas.pdf Hollingshead, A. (2005-2006) G-d was not in Auschwitz http://www.gwu.edu/~uwp/fyw/euonymous/2005-2006/06-hollingsheadfinal.pdf United States Holocaust Memorial. (2013, 6) Plight of Jewish Children http://www.ushmm.org/wlc/en/article.php?ModuleId=10006124 United States Holocaust Memorial. (2013, 6) Children during the holocaust http://www.ushmm.org/wlc/en/article.php?ModuleId=10005142 Word count 1526

The Atkins Diet: Low-Carb Mania :: Health Nutrition Diet Exercise Essays

The Atkins Diet: Low-Carb Mania   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Dr. Robert Atkins ignited the dieting world when he introduced the word â€Å"low carb mania,† which is now known as the Atkins diet. The diet claims that you can lose weight on a high fat, high protein diet. The program works on four main principles which are to limit the amount of consumption of simple carbohydrates, increase the intake of protein, to exercise on a daily basis, and to maintain proper food consumption. The new diet revolution has stirred up a controversial debate on whether the higher fat, lower carb diet is healthy in the long run for diet consumers. Some people say that it is not a healthy diet and that it includes too much fat, while others say it is the only weight loss diet that has finally helped them to take off a significant amount of weight.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The diet became an instant craze since it has been proven that many Americans eat excessive amounts of simple carbohydrates such as rice, alcohol, sugar, white flour, and sugar. As a result of the surge in obesity and high calorie intakes, the Atkins diet aims to eliminate the simple carbohydrate consumption by replacing it with high fat, high animal protein foods such as bacon, sausage, butter, steak, eggs, and brie. These rich foods are allowed as part of the diet since it claims that you will lose weight fast while just following the routine. Although the diet may cause one to lose weight, critics have found the diet to have considerable drawbacks. The Atkins diet restriction on carbohydrates is not very healthy since complex carbohydrates such as fruits, vegetables, and whole grains are found to contain essential nutrients and rich in fiber. Fiber is known to slow the absorption of food, which prevents blood glucose to rise and reduce insulin surges, therefore decreasing desire to eat. Critics have found that simple carbohydrates should be substituted for complex carbohydrates instead of eliminating carbohydrates from the diet completely. Complex carbohydrates and whole foods are rich in photochemical, bioflavonoid, carotenoids, and other substances that may reduce the risk of many chronic diseases.

Teaching Competency of English Language Teachers

COMMUNICATION AS AN IMPORTANT SOFT SKILL IN LANGUAGE TEACHING Mrs. N. Mahalakshmi D. T. Ed. , M. A. , M. Ed. , NET. , PGDACE. Research Scholar Department of Education Annamalai University ————————————————- [email  protected] com Abstract ————————————————- English is being taught as a second language in our Indian schools. As it is our national language, much importance is given to this language in our education system. The language teachers are expected to be more competent to develop the basic skills of the language so as to develop the communicative competence of the learners.Now-a-days, soft skills are considered as another important aspect of the teachers for efficient teaching. Regarding the soft skills, communication skill is the most important one that is needed by the language teachers to optimize the learning experience of the students. This paper tries to reveal the need of Effective Communication Skill as one of the important soft skill for the language teachers. The concept of soft skills Soft skills can be said to incorporate all aspects of generic skills that include the cognitive elements associated with non-academic skills.Soft skills are identified to be the most critical skills in the current global education and the era of technology. The reorientation of education for sustainability also relates the importance of these soft skills. Soft skills in Education Vast research and expert opinions have been sought in the effort to determine the specific soft skills to be implemented and used in higher institutions of learning. Based on the research findings obtained, seven soft skills have been identified and chosen to be implemented in higher education as: * Communicative skills * Thinking skills and problem solving skills * T eam work force Life-long learning and information management * Entrepreneur skill * Ethics, moral and professionalism and * Leadership skill The important soft skill needed for the language teacher Communication is as important aspect of language teaching. Effective communication skills are required for effective language teaching. Teachers of English are expected to have good command over the language and possess excellent communication skills. Communication skills include – using the target language effectively, the way of speaking, body language and facial expressions, pitch and tone of voice and interpersonal skills.It is possible that they have some presuppositions about communication and communication skills which are considered to be one major factor in becoming an effective teacher. According to Dettmer, Thurston, and Dyck (1996), West and Cannon (1988), and Carl Rogers (1962) communication is among the most important skills for educators to possess. The role of commu nication is emphasized also by Lunenburg & Ornstein (1996, p. 176) as: â€Å"Communication is the lifeblood of the school; it is a process that links the individual, the group, and the organization†.A gap in meaning between the intended and the received message can cause problems in the outcome of even the best teaching decision. Poor listening skills, ambiguous use of verbal and nonverbal language, poor semantics, and differing values are all items that can distort a message. To become effective communicators, educators must be aware of these potential problems and consciously work to eliminate them from their classroom interactions. They must also become knowledgeable about the importance of language in the learning process which gives a vital role to language teachers.Body language of the teacher In the communication skill, the body language and the facial expression of the teacher is of much importance which arrests students’ participation. The ‘presence†™ that a teacher has in the classroom is crucial in determining ‘how much’ learning takes place and ‘how well’ learning takes place. A tension free atmosphere is extremely important in language learning classroom. More than what behaviour reveals, it is the non-verbal behaviour that is of significance. Self respect, confident behaviour and tone and eye contact are some positive indicators.Some of the ways in which body language can improve the desired atmosphere within the class are: * Keeping eye contact with the student you are talking to, and with every student in the class; * Standing ‘tall’ and walking in with head held high, instead of shuffling in, head bowed; * Having a calm, relaxed face – smiling and laughing easily; * Using facial expressions that show you are listening and responding to what the student is saying; * Smiling and nodding when a student is saying something; Linguistic competence versus Communicative competence Language is a tool of communication.One can communicate ideas, thoughts, feelings, opinions, attitudes, information and even misinformation through language. Different people express the same idea in different words. Language is a tool serving four main functions. These important functions are important for effective communication in the language classroom. The important functions of the language are: * Social function * Informative function * Expressive function * Directive function Keeping in mind these four important functions of language, let’s examine if our students are effective communicators in English.Most of our graduates are good at writing beautiful and very literary answers to questions on Shakespeare, Wordsworth and other great writers. However, their literary competence isn’t enough for them to be able to communicate effectively and efficiently in everyday situations. The ability to communicate requires us to use language to perform interpersonal functi ons such as starting a conversation, joining and leaving a conversation, making the hearer feel comfortable, giving options, and so on. Mere linguistic competence isn’t sufficient.Of course, there’s no denying the value of linguistic mastery, which is the basis for communicative competence. Without words and grammar patterns, one can’t think of building communicative competence. However, rules of use are more essential than rules of grammar. Many graduates don’t know how to introduce themselves and how to introduce others; they don’t know how to ask for information politely, how to disagree tactfully, how to offer suggestions, etc. This is one very significant aspect that we need to pay attention to. Secondly, their English is bookish.They don’t know that choice of syntax and vocabulary depends on the topic, the occasion, and the relationship between the speaker and the listener. It’s important to know what to say, when, to whom and h ow. Thirdly, the students need to be told that the vocabulary and syntax of spoken English are different from vocabulary and grammar of written English. They seem to be unaware of the fact that the words and grammar of spoken English are simpler than those of written English. As a result, they don’t use contracted forms and question tags while conversing and their English sounds bookish.Developing the communication skills of the learners In language teaching developing the skill of listening, speaking, reading and writing  skills should be given importance. These language skills are the foundation of communication skills. A good communicator is a keen and interested listener. Even a good listener cannot be an effective speaker. In order to be a good speaker, one has to master the accent, the rhythm and the intonation of the English language. Also one has to mind the tone of voice and make an effective use of facial expressions, gestures, eye contact, and posture.An excellen t communicator uses verbal and non-verbal language to achieve the best effect. In order to develop good communication skills of the students, the language teacher need to * develop the listening, speaking, reading and writing skills * to be able to use language to perform various functions * master the rhythm, accent and intonation of the language * understand the differences between spoken and written language * remember the difference between meanings and messages Conclusion To remedy this situation we need to connect literature teaching with life outside.In language teaching, the academic world and the real world should not stand apart as islands. From the standpoint of the learner, the great waste in the school comes from the learner’s inability to utilize the experiences he gets outside the school. To fill up this gap, the communication skill should be given importance in language teaching. Developing communication skills of the learners requires the efficiency of langua ge teachers. So, the communication skill should be given primary importance both at the pre-service and in-service level of the language teaching.REFERENCE * Applbaum, L. et. al. , 1973, Fundamental Concepts in Human Communication, Confield Press, London * Brown, H. D. 1981, Principles of Language Learning & Teaching, Prentice Hall, Enlewood Cligts. * Corner, J. et. al. , 1993, Communication Studies:An Introductory Reader, Edward Arnold, London. * Dickinsen L. and Carver D. J. 1980. Steps Towards Self-direction in Foreign Language Learning in Schools. ELT. Vol. 35:1-7. * Dickinsen L. 1987. Self-instruction in Language Learning. Cambridge, Cambridge University Press.

The most dangerous game by richard connell essays

The most dangerous game by richard connell essays The short story The Most Dangerous Game by Richard Connell is about the hunter and the hunted but later in the story it becomes ironic because it turns into a game were the hunter becomes the hunted. It turns into a chase of competition and of survival. Two sailors Rainsford and his partner Whitney sailed in to the darkness of the of sea. Their purpose was to hunt, they called it the " greatest sport". They were hunters and headed to the Amazon to hunt vicious animals such as Jaguars, and tigers. They sailed to an island called "Ship-Trap Island". Sailors feared this island and had curious dread of such a scarry place. The sky was filled with darkness when suddently he heard Three gun shots that were fired, and heard them again and again. Then he heard a scream while smoking a pipe when suddently the pipe fell and as he tried to reach for it he whent down into the sea were the waves swallowed his screams. Nobody could have heard him as the ocean swallowed his screams and the only chance of survival was to swim. Rainsford swam towards the screams and ended up in the Island. He walked on the shoreline and later found a place that looked like a mansion. There he met General Zaroff who bought the island to hunt. He was indeed a sporstman who invented a new sensation of the hunting game. His game was to train those men who's ships were wrecked and ended up in that island, and then...

Public Health During the Industrial Revolution

Public Health During the Industrial Revolution One important impact of the industrial revolution (such as the use of coal, iron, and steam) was rapid urbanization, as new and expanding industry caused villages and towns to swell, sometimes into vast cities. The Port of Liverpool, for example, rose from a population of a couple of thousand to many tens of thousands in the space of a century. As a result, these towns became hotbeds of disease and depredation, prompting a debate in Britain about public health. Its important to remember that science wasnt as advanced as today, so people didnt know exactly what was going wrong, and the speed of changes was pushing government and charities structures in new and strange ways. But there was always a group of people who looked at the new stresses on the new urban workers and were willing to campaign to solve them. The Problems of Town Life in the Nineteenth Century Towns tended to be segregated by class, and working-class neighborhoods where the everyday laborer lived had the worst conditions. As the governing classes lived in different areas they never saw these conditions, and protests from the workers were ignored. Housing was generally bad and made worse by the numbers of people constantly arriving in cities. The most common housing pattern was high-density back-to-back structures which were poor, damp, badly ventilated with few kitchens and many sharing a single tap and privy. In this overcrowding, disease spread easily. 1829 George Cruikshank editorial cartoon illustrating the explosive growth of London. Print Collector/Getty Images / Getty Images There was also inadequate drainage and sewerage, and what sewers there were tended to be square, stuck in the corners, and built of porous brick. Waste was frequently left in the streets and most people shared privies which emptied into cesspits. What open spaces there were also tended to be filled with rubbish, and the air and water were polluted by factories and slaughterhouses. The satirical cartoonists of the day didnt have to imagine a hell to illustrate in these cramped, poorly designed cities. Consequently, there was much illness, and in 1832 one doctor said only 10% of Leeds was actually in full health. In fact, despite technological developments, the death rate rose, and infant mortality was very high. There was also a range of common diseases: tuberculosis, typhus, and after 1831, cholera. The terrible working environments created new occupational hazards, such as lung disease and bone deformities. The 1842 report by the British social reformer Edwin Chadwick called Report on the Sanitary Condition of the Labouring  Population of Great Britain showed that the life expectancy of an urban dweller was less than that of a rural one, and this was also affected by class. Why Public Health Was Slow to Be Dealt With Before 1835, town administration was weak, poor and too impotent to meet the demands of new urban life. There were few representative elections to produce forums for people who were worse off to speak, and there was little power in the hands of town planners, even after such a job was created by necessity. Revenues tended to be spent on large, new civic buildings. Some regions had chartered boroughs with rights, and others found themselves governed by a lord of the manor, but all these arrangements were too out-of-date to deal with the speed of urbanization. Scientific ignorance also played a role, as people simply didn’t know what caused the diseases that afflicted them. There was self-interest too, as builders wanted profits, not better quality housing, and the government-held a deep prejudice about the poors worthiness of efforts. Chadwick’s influential sanitary report of 1842 divided people into ‘clean’ and ‘dirty’ parties and some people believed Chadwick wanted the poor to be made clean against their will Government attitudes also played a role. It was commonly thought that the laissez-faire system, in which governments didn’t interfere in the lives of adult men, was the only reasonable system, and it was only late in the process that government became willing to undertake reform and humanitarian action. The prime motivation then was cholera, not ideology. The Municipal Corporations Act of 1835 In 1835 a commission was appointed to look into municipal government.  It was badly organized, but the report published was deeply critical of what it called ‘chartered hogsties.’ A law with limited effect was passed, but newly created councils were given few powers and were expensive to form. Nevertheless, this wasnt a failure, as it set the pattern for the English government and made possible the later public health acts. Beginnings of the Sanitary Reform Movement A group of doctors wrote two reports in 1838 on the living conditions in London’s Bethnal Green. They drew attention to the connection between unsanitary conditions, disease, and pauperism. The Bishop of London then called for a national survey. Chadwick, a force in all things public service in the mid-eighteenth century, mobilized the medical officers provided by the Poor Law and created his 1842 report which highlighted the problems associated with class and residence. It was damning and sold a huge number of copies. Amongst its recommendations were an arterial system for clean water and the replacement of improvement commissions by a single body with power.  Many objected to Chadwick and some wags in the government claimed they preferred cholera to him. As a result of Chadwick’s report, though, the Health of Towns Association was formed in 1844, and branches all over England researched and published on their local conditions. Meanwhile, the government was recommended to introduce public health reforms by other sources in 1847. By this stage, some municipal governments had acted on their own initiative and passed private acts of Parliament to force through changes. Cholera Highlights the Need A cholera epidemic left India in 1817 and reached Sunderland in late 1831; London was affected by February 1832. Fifty percent of all cases proved fatal. Some towns set up quarantine boards, and they promoted whitewashing (cleaning clothing with chloride of lime) and speedy burials, but they were targeting disease under the miasma theory that disease was caused by floating vapors rather than the unrecognized infectious bacterium. Several leading surgeons recognized that cholera prevailed where sanitation and drainage were poor, but their ideas for improvement were temporarily ignored. In 1848 cholera returned to Britain, and the government resolved that something had to be done. The Public Health Act of 1848 The first Public Health act was passed in 1848 based on the recommendations of a Royal Commission. The act created a central Board of Health with a five-year mandate, to be considered for renewal at the end of that period. Three commissioners, including Chadwick, and a medical officer were appointed to the board. Wherever the death rate was worse than 23/1000, or where 10% of ratepayers requested assistance, the board would send an inspector to  authorize the town council to carry out duties and form a local board. These authorities would have powers over drainage, building regulations, water supplies,  paving, and rubbish. Inspections were to be carried out, and loans could be given. Chadwick took the opportunity to push his new interest in sewer technology to the local authorities. The act did not have much potency, because while it had the power to appoint boards and inspectors, that wasnt required, and local works were frequently held up by legal and financial obstacles. It was, however, much cheaper to set up a board than previously, with a local one costing just  £100. Some towns ignored the national board and set up their own private committees to avoid central interference. The central board worked hard, and between 1840 and 1855 they posted a hundred thousand letters, although it lost much of its teeth when Chadwick was forced from office and a switch to annual renewal was made. Overall, the act is considered to have failed as the death rate remained the same, and the problems remained, but it did establish a precedent for government intervention. Public Health after 1854 The central board was disbanded in 1854. By the mid-1860s, the government had come to a more positive and interventionist approach, spurred on by the 1866 cholera epidemic that clearly revealed the flaws in the earlier act. A set of innovations aided the progress, as in 1854 English physician John Snow showed how cholera could be spread by a water pump, and in 1865 Louis Pasteur demonstrated his germ theory of disease. The ability to vote was expanded to the urban working class in 1867, and politicians now had to make promises regarding public health to gain votes. Local authorities also began to take more of a lead. The 1866 Sanitary Act forced towns to appoint inspectors to check that water supplies and drainage were adequate. The 1871 Local Government Board Act placed public health and the poor law in the hands of empowered local governmental bodies and came about because of an 1869 Royal Sanitary Commission which recommended strong local government. 1875 Public Health Act In 1872 there was a Public Health Act, which split the country into sanitary areas, each of which had a medical officer. In 1875 Prime Minister Benjamin Disraeli saw that several acts aimed at social improvements were passed, such as a new Public Health Act and an Artisan’s Dwellings Act. A Food and Drink Act was passed to attempt to improve diet. This set of public health acts rationalized previous legislation and was extremely influential. Local authorities were made responsible for a range of public health issues and given the powers to enforce decisions, including sewage, water, drains, waste disposal, public works, and lighting. These acts marked the beginning of a genuine, workable public health strategy, with responsibility shared between the local and national government, and the death rate finally began to fall. Further improvements were boosted by scientific discoveries. Koch discovered micro-organisms and separated out germs, including tuberculosis in 1882 and cholera in 1883. Vaccines were developed. Public health can still be a problem, but the changes in the role of government established in this period, both perceived and actual, are mostly ingrained into the modern consciousness and provide a working strategy to ameliorate problems as they arise.

Colombian Trade Treaty Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Colombian Trade Treaty - Essay Example Moreover, the market will also be expanded and consequently will competitiveness in general U.S businesses due to the large market created. Considering the fact that the United States account for most of the imports that Colombia receives, elimination of tariffs and other barriers to U.S exports will be advantageous to the U.S. because there will be less spending in regard to customs duty. The U.S. shall also in be a position to increase the number of goods it exports that will have a significant increase in the American jobs created. This is because increase in jobs will be as a result of increased market and increased demand for goods (â€Å"Benefits of the U.S.-Colombia Trade Promotion Agreement† 1). Furthermore, American investors will have an opportunity to be protected from unfair practices and treatment in Colombia. This means that, American investors will have an open and level field to conduct their business, and also have a neutral means to settle any disputes that occur as a result of investing. In addition, those (American investors) taking part in procurement business have a guarantee to be treated fairly and in a nondiscriminatory manner when it comes to providing services and products to government agencies and public service (‘Benefits of the U.S.-Colombia Trade Promotion Agreement† 3). As a result of having a free trade agreement, the long term economic benefits towards the U.S. will be in excesses because trade between Colombia and itself accounts for less than 1% of the total trade. Thus, scraping tariffs for imports from Colombia will be more of a way to find market for its surplus and financial benefits. Colombia stands to lose a lot despite the other gains made from the trade agreement. The agreement sets an unfair trade relationship with its basis on rules undermining the wellbeing of its people. This is because farmers remain worried that they will be driven out of business and more into poverty, due to imports of cheap goods

2 journal questions Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

2 journal questions - Assignment Example They can develop sleep disorders, attention problems, and difficulties in comprehending what they learn at school. The excessive exposure to the media can also make children overeat, and the consequence is weight gain or obesity. I also learned that providing the children with non-electronic materials and limiting their screen time can help overcome the problems (AAP). I learned effective approaches that can be used to tame children who use their phones excessively. Most children value keeping in touch with each other and can end up misusing their phones by over texting. Although the habit is annoying, texting is a preferred mode of communication among kids. The excessive use phones can affect how kids handle their homework, engage with family members, and attend to other responsibilities. Parents should insist that phones be kept aside at times such as when taking dinner or conversing with their seniors. Parents can take away their kids’ phones at night for charging, as well as, monitoring how they used them during the day. Finally, parents can institute location and time limits for phone use

Biochemical Oxygen Demand Hypothesis Testing Essay

Biochemical Oxygen Demand Hypothesis Testing - Essay Example Rejection of the null hypothesis leads to the acceptance of the alternative hypothesis. The alternative hypothesis states that there is a difference between the procedures. It is denoted by H1. Assuming that the upstream BOD and downstream BOD are normally distributed, we test using significance level of 0.05 whether BOD increases at the downstream. The significance level of a statistical hypothesis test is a fixed probability of rejecting the null hypothesis H0 when it is in fact true. It is called a type I error and is set by the investigator in relation to the consequences of such an error. We want to make the significance level as small as possible in order to protect the null hypothesis and to prevent, as far as possible, the investigator from inadvertently making false claims. Test Statistic: It is the random variable X whose value is tested to arrive at a decision. The Central Limit Theorem states that for large sample sizes (n > 30) drawn randomly from a population, the distribution of the means of those samples will approximate normality, even when the data in the parent population are not distributed normally. A z statistic is usually used for large sample sizes (n > 30), but often large samples are not easy to obtain, in which case the t-distribution can be used. The population standard deviation s is estimated by the sample standard deviation,The observed t value is calculated from the sample used. Testing of means can be accomplished when the data are in the form of paired observations. We compute for the confidence interval of d - u in the situation with paired observations is based on the random variableWhere and are random variables representing the sample mean and standard deviations of the differences of the observations in the experimental un its. This two-sample problem is essentially reduced to a one-sample problem by using the computed difference d1, d2, d3 dn. Thus the hypothesis reduces to Ho: =do

The Savage World Essay Example for Free

The Savage World Essay Thorstein B. Veblen viewed society anthropologically and utilized psychology than relying on the laws of economics.   He believes that the human nature predominantly is like a beast or he lives in a savage world meaning that in order to survive one must get use into a predatory life cycle that life is the struggle of the fittest.   That savagery is a death to the weakest.   To support his claim that the society where man lives is a savage world, he concluded that the human nature itself is beast as he wrote in his book the Theory of the Leisure Class when he elaborated on â€Å"conspicuous consumption† (Heilbroner).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   He made mentioned about the relations between the balance of expense, salary, and the return of investments with regards to hedonistic concept or the materialistic points of view of man equated in his own instinct to survive.   Man adaptation to use the means for an end in his own term which he has coined evolutionary which mean that the economic life history of a person is to habitually seek realization by doing something which includes invention and use of modern technologies like for instances that businessmen are replaced by engineers.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The goods of this earth are for man’s usage but not in any circumstance should the ends will justify the means.   Man can be a savage by nature but he is still a free individual who could think rationally: that the means are only to serve the end or purpose or material things are only needed by man to survive but it can never be his only reason for existence.   Money makes the world go round and indeed it helps but if the means are prioritized over man and dignity of labor put aside then human existence will become a beastlike existence.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   However, Veblen observes the reality of a consumerist world but again concluded that putting the material over the good of the human person depletes man’s existence to survive and perhaps jeopardize his own dignity. He believes strongly that a person do not only work to accumulate money but also to invigorate his pride.   In him work has a greater dimension unseen by the barbaric man whose only pleasure is money.   In his writings he identifies the leisure class as the savage of work and the consumerist class. These are the capitalists who retard and distorted the industry, whereas the middle class work for perfection and for the support of their children whom he referred to as nobler.   He further mentioned that the leisure class is like parasites living by the innovativeness of other men.   The aloof skeptic called them robber barons for which dishonesty became a virtue and dug further to why by nature man is selfish. He acknowledges further that it is the contemporary savage who had accumulated too much wealth and is not really proud of his work but only in the public display of his wealth.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Veblen’s pessimistic but realistic view of the world he lives in made him one of the best worldly philosophers of the twentieth century.   He’s works are still read today because it warns the future from permanent depression that if man continues to tolerate inequality of labor, inequitable partitions of wealth and the tolerance of not withholding the entrepreneurs in the accumulation of too much profit then we will be doomed to live a place in which Veblen calls the savage world.   Veblen a genius and nonconformist in character made him isolate himself from a drastic world of the greedy and preferred to die a simple death at his cabin.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Economic prosperity or world progress is still within the bounds of the hands that work together for a common good but not for those who seek ones own personal gratification. Works Cited Heilbroner, Robert Louis. The Worldly Philosophers.   (2007). 05 December 2007 http://www.cliffsnotes.com/WileyCDA/LitNote/The-Worldly-Philosophers.id-163,pageNum-3.

Cadbury Strategic Analysis

Cadbury Strategic Analysis The individual report assesses the critical aspects of the strategic choices available to Cadbury. Recommendations are given to assess the companys perspectives on the revenue growth and profit as well as market share. The report assesses marketing strategy models applied by Cadbury to indicate its market and competitive position. Furthermore, strategic segmentation is critically evaluated on the basis of the multi-step process to identify the most financially attractive segments for Cadbury. Available industry position strategic options are identified on the basis of the strategic framework. Competitor reaction provides critical assessment of possible competitors reactions as well as competitors strategic options that are counteractive to Cadburys strategic plans. Finally, the report proposes and justifies the most preferable strategic option for its further business operations. Cadburys background In 1831 John Cadbury founded his company Cadbury which has successfully covered and revolutionized the cocoa processing market since 1866. In 1969 Cadbury successfully merged with Schweppes. Today, internationally acknowledged as a reputable corporation with the acclaimed international status, Cadbury Schweppes PLC (hereinafter referred to as Cadbury) successfully employs more than 50,000 people in 60 countries of the world  [1]  . The company is strategically positioned as the fourth top supplier of sugar confectionery and chocolate in the world. The most successful product promoted by the company since 1905 is Dairy Milk which has become the most popular moulded chocolate in the UK as well as internationally acclaimed chocolate bar in terms of revenue  [2]  . Overall, Cadburys strategic success is due to three core pillars: high quality, sound advertising, and value for money  [3]  . 1. Marketing Strategy Models Cadbury strategically applies marketing models as a combination of activities to transfer its products to the end-customers. Vast variety of marketing activities requires proper management of to effectively promote products on the confectionary markets through marketing channels. In its strategic choice of appropriate marketing model, Cadbury emphasizes on such strategic issues: Connecting Cadbury with customers; Performing sales, promotions and advertising; Impacting Cadburys pricing strategy; Influencing product strategy through willingness to stock, branding policies, and profit customizing  [4]  . The selection of the most advantageous marketing strategy for Cadbury depends on a number of factors. Thus, marketing strategy should be perceived as the designated action plan which will help Cadbury to reach its strategic aims and objectives. Cadburys long-term marketing strategy (based on Ansoff matrix) concerns the launch of new chocolate brands and their promotion on the global markets. Alternatively, the company should win more international markets through the manufacturing and exporting new products (e.g. cereal bars). Further recommendations concern the appropriateness of the strategic choices to be made by Cadbury in the nearest future  [5]  . In terms of further strategic growth, Cadbury should apply Ansoff Growth Matrix while focusing on new products and perspective markets. Apparently, there is no need for Cadbury to advance and promote the existing chocolate products since they are already widely acknowledged in terms of quality and high reputation among the Cadburys target markets  [6]  . Appropriate marketing channels set up the strategy which enables Cadbury to win competition, avoid tactical mistakes, maximize profits and achieve success. Cadbury should therefore figure out how it measures success before it can go out and conquer it, whether it is market share, profit margin, return on investment, residual income, brand image, a reputation for being environmentally green, stock share price, or some other measure its stakeholders deem worthy  [7]  . Most companies compete in the market by applying competitive priorities, including quality, cost, flexibility as well as other priorities, depending on their manufacturing capacity. Top management support is the major driver of quality management, which significantly correlates with other quality management practices. In addition to this, customer orientation is not significantly correlated with external quality results (profitability). At that, top management support, employee training, and employee involvement are the three statistically significant variables in explaining the variability in internal quality results  [8]  . Cadburys marketing channels are aimed at the consumer market. The company is focusing much on the needs and wants of the consumer and what exactly differentiates its products from the competition to develop more sales in this market. Thus, Cadbury is working on the promotion of its direct model to create a better position for itself in the consumer market. The peculiarity of Cadburys advertising campaign consists in its focus on the emotions of the chocolate lovers compared to merely logical side of marketing and sales. In such a way, Cadbury reassures its customer support by applying strong emotional advertising campaign focusing on the preferences and likes of the consumers when they opt for a chocolate purchase. In addition to faster transactions, shorter lines and happier customers, such strategic approach to market modeling enables to see interaction with the business through the eyes of the customer, understand customers values and demands, and seek ways to disrupt the competit ive balance. For these purposes, the company is applying such customer-oriented sources as print media, television, radio, Internet, as well as social networks. While aiming to increase Cadburys sales, the companys management emphasizes on the appropriateness of particular marketing activities that would best encourage the demand for Cadburys products. Cadburys marketing objectives coincide with its business strategy priorities ultimately targeted at profit-making and sales increase. Strategic marketing models for Cadbury are identified as follows: (1) Profit maximisation; (2) Survival; (3) Growth; (4) Sales maximisation; (5) Diversification; and (6) Improvement of product image. The rational combination of these strategic marketing models determines the competitive market position of Cadburys. Through profit maximisation, Cadbury solves dual strategic task withstanding competition, on the one hand, and restoring its financial health, on the other hand. Through growth, Cadbury sells new products and expands its exports overseas. This strategy model enables the company to cover new market niches internationally  [9]  . As for now, the company is present in 60 countries worldwide. Meanwhile, the company permanently increases and maximizes its sales. Through diversification, Cadbury spreads its business risks regardless of the successfulness of the sales of one particular product. In marketing terms, it is of utmost strategic importance that Cadbury constantly improves the image of its products by: (1) launching new brands; (2) introducing innovative logos; and (3) applying attractive and convenient packaging. For instance, while promoting one of its chocolate products Fuse, Cadbury marketing strategy was aimed at the growth of chocolate confectionery market, as well as the intensification of its presence on the snacking sector. Prior to launching Fuse, Cadbury ensured that Fuse differed (had relevant points of difference) from the already existing competitors chocolates. While conquering the snaking sector and establishing its competitive share therein, Cadbury created USP (unique selling proposition) which meant that Fuse had unique appeal which differed from any of the existing rival chocolates. It is apparent that the implementation of a successful marketing strategy model requires solid investment. While promoting Fuse, Cadbury heavily invested into testing products ingredients. As a result, final recipe of Fuse included a combination of more than 250 ingredients. This indicates that in marketing terms Cadbury closely related product development to the specialized testing. This helped the company to reach proper consumer demand. The desired outcome was to make each customer feel comfortable with purchased product and not regret their choice. At that, Cadbury is not applying the methods of extreme advertising since its most powerful advertising tool is the word of mouth. In addition, purchasing the products, the customers are feeling they are backed. To enhance consumer demand for its products and establish line promotion Cadbury actively applies available consumer media and advertising sources (including popular magazines, Internet, radio, TV and newspapers). Since 1990s, the company promotes its brands through the taste-stimulating approach which claims that Chocolate is Cadbury. Such high recognition is owned to the brand values previously promoted by the Company, and so now the consumers associate the name of a company with the chocolate as well as the pleasure of chocolate tasting. Since 2000, Cadbury Schweppes enters international markets with Choose Cadbury marketing strategy. The promotional strategy considers consumer awareness as well as the rationality of consumer buying behaviour. The choice of Cadburys marketing strategy is built on the consideration of universal consumer choice. In its strategic consumer-oriented thinking Cadbury developed proper texture and distinctive taste that appeal to the consumers all over the world regardless of their national chocolate preferences  [10]  . Cadburys strategic marketing model was designated in a way to satisfy the major preferences of chocolate lovers. Therefore, the company produced its two most successful brands Dairy Milk to suit dark milk chocolate admirers, and Cadburys Whole Nut, Dream and CDM to suit cream milk chocolate lovers  [11]  . Cadburys product-specialized market strategy enabled the company to grow its market share and lead competition with its main competitors on the confectionery market. 2. Segmentation The annual sales on the UK confectionary market ranges from 5 to 6 billion. Herewith, chocolate sales amount to about 70% and worth 3-4bilion accordingly. Since 2003, Cadbury has been increasing own share on the UK confectionary market which makes up about 1/3 of the market. The remaining part is distributed among Cadburys main rivals Nestle and Mars. While segmenting its target market Cadbury divides heterogeneous demand markets into homogenous groups which are grounded on similar features. Homogeneous segment enables the company to divide its target markets on the basis of homogeneous features  [12]  . While dividing its target market into segments, Cadbury applies segmenting criteria that particularly feature each part of the market: Geographic Segmentation; Demographic Segmentation; Benefits-Sought Segmentation; Psychographic Segmentation; Behavior/Usage Segmentation; and Situation Segmentation Segmentation Base groups diversify target markets on the basis of such criteria as: social class, lifestyles and psychological features (attitudes, interests and opinions), and include the following: Social class; Life-cycle; Income Level; Education; and Ethical background  [13]   Cadburys target market is segmented on the basis of the benefits demanded by the customers with regard to specific chocolate products. Purchase situation assumes: Social surroundings; Physical surroundings; and Temporal perspective The segmentation of Cadburys target markets is made with the consideration of how often consumers buy chocolate products. In this regard, Paretos Principle of 80/20 indicates that 80% of revenue is generated by 20% of customers. Segmentation variables used to segment business markets: Industry; Size; Product demand; Purchasing approaches; Geographic factors; Situational factors; and Seasonal trends In addition, while segmenting its target markets, Cadbury considers the following issues: Differences in consumer preferences for particular chocolate products; The co-relation of the variability of individual customer preferences with the measurable variables; The profitability of the targeted market segment considering its purchasing power and size capacity; and The accessibility and attractiveness of the targeted market  [14]  . 3. Industry position strategic options Cadburys strategic positioning is determined by the choice of appropriate pricing techniques. While emphasizing on high quality of its products, effective promotion and sound advertising, as well as value for money, the company applies competitive pricing strategy to ensure that the adjusted prices do not exceed those of the competitors  [15]  . This strategic choice is reasonable and justified since regardless of individual taste preferences or any other essential factors, consumers regard product value as one of the most decisive factors while making their purchasing decisions. Therefore, Cadbury cannot apply skimming pricing technique in the course of designing and launching a new product. This technique can be applied under the conditions of inelastic demand  [16]  . In addition to the effectively applied competitive pricing strategy, Cadbury focuses on cost plus pricing which helps the company to maximize it profits. While accurately accounting all its costs, Cadbury reaches optimal supply and demand balance and well-balanced positioning on the market compared to its competitors. Alternatively, Cadbury applies positioning pricing to set up the prices with the consideration of demand-side concerns. Through polling and surveying its target markets, Cadburys experts designate the optimal price range that would satisfy the majority of the consumers. This positioning technique is particularly applied to better sell Cadburys chocolate bean, for example. Optimal trading also depends on the financial capacity of the demand-side. Therefore, Cadbury applies demand-based pricing to critically assess the purchasing power of the majority of its consumers. Only under such conditions the company is able to trade its products in accordance with the strategically planned volumes. Hence, selling at the customers price brings Cadbury profits, good reputation and positive feedback from the majority of its customers. 4) Competitor reaction Cadbury should develop new products and promote them domestically as well as internationally. Such product/market growth approach will ensure that the company has diversified range of products which are available and well-recognizable in many countries of the world  [17]  . Such strategic choice will provide the company with enormous comparative advantages over its competitors and will help it to better cope with the hurdles of the global economic crisis. Most importantly, such strategic step will erase the common stereotype claiming that consumers mostly associate Cadbury with chocolate. Evidently, Chocolate is Cadbury marketing approach much facilitated the companys success over the last decade. However, considering the challenges of the global competitive markets, this strategy will not be suitable any longer. Hence Cadbury should transform it into more powerful and innovative global image. The variety of new high-quality and reasonably-priced products will add value to the business activity of Cadbury and will win new overseas markets for the company. This task would require the company to carefully design and develop innovative brands of its products which are not yet present on any of the foreign markets, and which will be potentially demanded by the consumers (i.e. target markets)  [18]  . While developing innovative products and penetrating overseas markets, Cadbury should initially consider the demand-side of its target markets. Among the most important criteria are the following: (1) Average income; (2) Average spending amount on one-time supermarket/store purchasing; (2) Average amount consumers are ready to spend on chocolates, candies, cookies, and/or sweets; (3) PESTLE analysis of the target market with the consideration of the adverse affects caused by the global economic meltdown; and (4) Porter analysis of the targeted market. Such wide coverage of strategic issues will win Cadbury competitive advantage and increase its share on the foreign markets. 5) Preferred strategy Cadburys choice of the optimal marketing strategy should consider their chances of success in terms of market diversification. To reach optimal market diversification, the company should ensure that its new product adheres to the customers needs and preferences. Extensive market research will help Cadbury to explicitly identify its potential target markets for a new product. Herewith, Cadburys marketers should consider the following strategic factors: (1) Financial health of the targeted market; (2) Purchasing capacity of target market; (3) National and individual preferences of target market; (4) Previous experiences of target market in terms of buying and tasting the similar products produced by competitor companies; (5) SWOT analysis in each individual case will ensure that Cadbury eliminates all the possible constraints to the minimum and transforms the threats into potential opportunities. Realistic and achievable strategic objectives should be set in accordance with the SMART approach which designates specific, measurable, achievable, realistic, and timed steps. All strategic steps should be done within the framework of the ongoing marketing research of the target markets as well as vast communication with the potential customers. Questionnaires, opinion polls, surveys, feedbacks and any other networking and communication approaches should be widely applied to critically examine the perspective of the product export to the new market. Prior to designate consumer-friendly price, Cadbury should make the consumers want more. Thus, one of the commonest practices will be free-trial approach that will help Cadbury to seduce consumers with the quality, design, taste, and odour of the new product. Eventually, in addition to the marketing research and consumer communication, Cadbury should vastly apply psychological approaches to evaluate the degree of rationality of the buying behaviour of target market. Contrary to popular belief, most buying decisions and purchasing choices are made irrationally. This is because most purchases are made in a rush as well as under the influence of many additional factors, such as in-store influencers, advice from relatives and/or friends. Normally, buyers do not consult experts of which brand of chocolate to choose. This indicates that Cadbury should consider contingency and diversity of consumer choices  [19]  . Summing up the critical examination of Cadburys strategic marketing choices, it is obvious that one-suit-it-all strategic approach will not bring the company long-term benefits. This means that under the conditions of booming globalization of goods and services, Cadbury should win competitive advantages, new markets, and most importantly consumers through flexibility, innovation, and individual-based approaches to its target markets. The companys market diversification should involve all the domestic factors and conditions as well as consumers as such if the company attempts to reach optimal supply and demand balance, add value, and maximize its profits. The analysis has also shown that single marketing strategy is not enough to achieve strategic objectives and financial success in the contemporary business conditions. Thus, Cadbury should permanently experiment and apply the mix of strategic marketing models which optimal combination will depend on the individual conditions particular to the individual targeted markets. The successful implementation of any strategic marketing model would therefore require situational flexibility as well as the readiness to change under the circumstances. Such variability will enable the company to designate and implement strategic marketing mix which will be individual and particular to each strategic marketing model  [20]  . For instance, the strategic marketing combination of approaches to diversifying Indonesian market will be not the same as the strategic marketing mix applied to the Norwegian market. This is because both markets present heterogeneous cultures, backgrounds, national traditio ns. These economies are different and diverse. This means that Cadbury should vary its strategic approaches on each individual market.